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　　天然气发电（“气电”）是解决新能源发电随机性、波动性、间歇性的关键调峰调频电源，也是支撑风光热电氢综合能源基地、电力特高压外送通道建设的主体调节电源，能提供较好的电力辅助服务。本期带您一探天然气发电相关知识。

　　Natural gas power generation ("gas electricity") is a key peak shaving and frequency regulation power source that solves the randomness, volatility, and intermittency of new energy generation. It is also the main regulating power source that supports the construction of wind solar thermal hydrogen integrated energy bases and ultra-high voltage power transmission channels, and can provide good power auxiliary services. This issue will take you to explore the knowledge related to natural gas power generation.

　　一、天然气发电特点

　　1、 Characteristics of natural gas power generation

　　清洁低碳

　　Clean and low-carbon

　　天然气发电主要生成二氧化碳和水，几乎没有硫化物、粉尘等排放，其单位用水量约为燃煤发电的1/3；单位度电发电量氮氧化物、二氧化碳排放量分别约为0.114驳和400驳，分别相当于煤电的60%和50%。

　　Natural gas power generation mainly generates carbon dioxide and water, with almost no emissions of sulfides, dust, etc. Its unit water consumption is about one-third of that of coal-fired power generation; The nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of electricity generation are approximately 0.114g and 400g, respectively, equivalent to 60% and 50% of coal-fired power generation.

　　调峰灵活

　　Flexible peak shaving

　　气电机组启停快，运行灵活，几乎所有燃气电厂都具备可调度性，即电网能随时调用气电补充电力不足，电厂通常运用联合循环燃气轮机、简单循环燃气轮机、蒸汽轮机以及内燃机4种技术发挥气电灵活性，通过调整机组燃料参数，燃气机组可有效调节电力负荷，联合循环机组调峰能力达70%-100%，单循环燃气机组调峰能力达100%。

　　Gas turbine units start and stop quickly, operate flexibly, and almost all gas-fired power plants have dispatchability, which means that the power grid can call on gas and electricity to supplement insufficient power at any time. Power plants usually use four technologies: combined cycle gas turbines, simple cycle gas turbines, steam turbines, and internal combustion engines to exert the flexibility of gas and electricity. By adjusting the fuel parameters of the units, gas turbines can effectively regulate the power load. The peak shaving capacity of combined cycle units can reach 70% -100%, and the peak shaving capacity of single cycle gas turbines can reach 100%.

　　发电率高

　　High power generation rate

　　单循环气电发电效率为35%-45%，联合循环发电由于增加了余热锅炉，利用了排气余热，机组整体发电效率可达50%以上，最新的贬级联合循环发电效率达60%以上，加上供热，整体能源效率可达75%以上。

　　The efficiency of single cycle gas-fired power generation is 35% -45%, while combined cycle power generation can achieve an overall power generation efficiency of over 50% by adding a waste heat boiler and utilizing exhaust waste heat. The latest H-class combined cycle power generation has an efficiency of over 60%, and with heating, the overall energy efficiency can reach over 75%.

　　建设期短

　　Short construction period

　　常规电源中，气电建设周期最短，其中单循环气电工期为10-12个月，联合循环气电为16-20个月，比煤电更适合作为应对负荷增长和其他电源建设不确定性的储备电源。

　　Among conventional power sources, gas-fired power has the shortest construction period, with a single cycle gas-fired power period of 10-12 months and a combined cycle gas-fired power period of 16-20 months. It is more suitable as a reserve power source to cope with load growth and other uncertainties in power source construction than coal-fired power.

　　波动性大

　　High volatility

　　与其他天然气消费场景相比，气电项目用气呈现“冬夏双峰”的特性，这是由于夏季存在用电高峰，而冬季枯水期水电和新能源发电量有所减少，导致电量缺口较大。近两年的数据显示，全国发电月度用气量增速在-30%至50%之间大幅波动，对天然气气源调度和管网安全运行均造成一定的困难。

　　Compared with other natural gas consumption scenarios, the gas consumption of gas power projects presents a "winter summer double peak" characteristic, which is due to the peak electricity consumption in summer and the decrease in hydropower and new energy generation during the dry season in winter, resulting in a large electricity gap. Data from the past two years shows that the monthly gas consumption growth rate for power generation in China has fluctuated significantly between -30% and 50%, posing certain difficulties for natural gas source scheduling and safe operation of pipeline networks.

　　二、天然气发电的资源和政策环境

　　2、 Resources and policy environment for natural gas power generation

　　宏观资源环境

　　Macro resource environment

　　01

　　01

　　在资源供给方面，全球液化天然气（尝狈骋）产能将在2026年前后进入集中投放高峰期，同时欧洲、日本等地的天然气消费出现负增长，全球天然气市场将进入供需相对宽松阶段，气价将在较长时间处于合理低位，有利于国内天然气发电的市场供应。

　　In terms of resource supply, the global liquefied natural gas (LNG) production capacity will enter a peak period of concentrated deployment around 2026, while natural gas consumption in Europe, Japan and other places will experience negative growth. The global natural gas market will enter a relatively loose supply and demand stage, and gas prices will remain at a reasonable low level for a long time, which is conducive to the market supply of domestic natural gas power generation.

　　全球行业对比

　　Global industry comparison

　　02

　　02

　　在全球范围内，天然气发电是欧、美、日等发达国家和地区降碳用能的主要方式，也是除煤电外第二大电力来源。据2023年版《世界能源统计年鉴》，全球天然气发电占全部电力生产的22.7%，美国气电在国内电力系统中占比为40%，日本为30.9%，中国气电装机容量2023年底仅占总装机容量的4.3%，发电量仅占总发电量的3.2%。2024年，国内天然气发电用气量约670亿立方米，全年新增燃气发电装机容量约1500万千瓦。气电在电力系统中所占比重仍然较小，未来发展空间广阔。

　　On a global scale, natural gas power generation is the main way for developed countries and regions such as Europe, the United States, and Japan to reduce carbon emissions, and it is also the second largest source of electricity after coal-fired power. According to the 2023 edition of the World Energy Statistical Yearbook, natural gas power generation accounts for 22.7% of global electricity production, with the United States accounting for 40% of its domestic power system and Japan accounting for 30.9%. China's installed capacity of gas power only accounted for 4.3% of its total installed capacity by the end of 2023, and its power generation only accounted for 3.2% of its total power generation. In 2024, the domestic natural gas power generation gas consumption is about 67 billion cubic meters, and the newly installed capacity of gas-fired power generation for the whole year is about 15 million kilowatts. The proportion of gas and electricity in the power system is still relatively small, and the future development space is vast.

　　叁、国内天然气发电简况

　　3、 Overview of Domestic Natural Gas Power Generation

　　一是天然气发电装机容量和发电量保持较高增速，但并未成为主体电源。近10年，天然气发电装机容量年均增速约为8%，与全国电力总装机容量年均增速基本相当，在电力系统中的占比基本保持不变。综合认为，到2040年前后，随着煤电机组逐步退役、西北可再生能源大基地的推进及分布式能源的发展，天然气发电装机规模将在新型电力系统建设中“稳中有升”。

　　One reason is that the installed capacity and power generation of natural gas power generation have maintained a high growth rate, but have not become the main power source. In the past 10 years, the average annual growth rate of natural gas power generation installed capacity has been about 8%, which is basically equivalent to the average annual growth rate of the total installed capacity of electricity in the country, and its proportion in the power system has remained basically unchanged. Overall, it is believed that by around 2040, with the gradual retirement of coal-fired power units, the promotion of the Northwest Renewable Energy Base, and the development of distributed energy, the installed capacity of natural gas power generation will steadily increase in the construction of new power systems.

　　二是受区域经济发展程度、城市密集度、电力需求等因素影响，气电项目集中分布在京津冀、长叁角、珠叁角等沿海地区。广东、江苏、浙江、上海、北京、天津装机规模长期居前六位，占总规模超70%。南方以调峰机组为主，北方以热电联产机组为主。广东省气电装机规模持续增长，占全国总装机规模的30%以上。总的来看，国内大范围部署天然气发电的地区往往有较强烈的环保低碳诉求，且有较高的气价承受能力。

　　Secondly, due to factors such as regional economic development level, urban density, and electricity demand, gas and electricity projects are concentrated in coastal areas such as Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Beijing, and Tianjin have consistently ranked among the top six in terms of installed capacity, accounting for over 70% of the total scale. The southern region is dominated by peak shaving units, while the northern region is dominated by cogeneration units. The installed capacity of gas and electricity in Guangdong Province continues to grow, accounting for over 30% of the total installed capacity in the country. Overall, regions in China that deploy natural gas power generation on a large scale often have strong demands for environmental protection and low-carbon, and have a high ability to bear gas prices.

　　叁是国内气电执行单一制和两部制2种并行的电价方式。各地气电电价水平不一，单一制电价为0.61-0.69元/(办奥·丑)；两部制电价中容量电价为28-48元/(办奥·月)、电量电价为0.44-0.55元/(办奥·丑)。由于容量电价基本可补偿电厂固定成本，电量电价与变动成本持平或略高，两部制电价对气电公司经营形成兜底，自2014年起，上海、浙江、江苏、河南陆续开始执行两部制电价。

　　The third is the implementation of two parallel pricing methods for domestic gas and electricity, namely the single system and the two-part system. The level of gas and electricity prices varies in different regions, with a single system electricity price ranging from 0.61 to 0.69 yuan/(kW · h); The capacity electricity price in the two-part electricity pricing system is 28-48 yuan/(kW · month), and the electricity price is 0.44-0.55 yuan/(kW · h). Due to the fact that the capacity electricity price can basically compensate for the fixed costs of power plants, the electricity price and variable costs are equal or slightly higher. The two-part electricity price has formed a bottom line for the operation of gas and electricity enterprises. Since 2014, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Henan have successively implemented the two-part electricity price.

　　四是核心技术开发取得一定进展。2024年2月，中国自主研制的首台功率最大、技术最高的300兆瓦级贵级重型燃气轮机成功完成总装下线，实现国内大功率重型燃气轮机自主设计制造，突破了国外的技术封锁。此外，我国已经加快了高端重型燃机国产化进程，明确把贬级燃气轮机在2030年实现自主研发作为专项目标。

　　Fourth, certain progress has been made in the development of core technologies. In February 2024, China's first independently developed 300 MW F-class heavy-duty gas turbine with the highest power and technology successfully completed its final assembly and production line, achieving domestic independent design and manufacturing of high-power heavy-duty gas turbines and breaking through foreign technology blockades. In addition, China has accelerated the localization process of high-end heavy-duty gas turbines, with a specific goal of achieving independent research and development of H-class gas turbines by 2030.

　　四、存在的问题

　　4、 Existing issues

　　一是天然气资源供应保障问题。气电用来为可再生能源电力调峰，对资源保障要求高。中国天然气进口依存度已超过40%，调峰储气能力仅占天然气消费量的8.4%。在推行“煤改气”工程后，全国曾多次出现天然气供应短缺（即“气荒”）现象，无形中给天然气打上了“供应紧张”的标签，使得国家和地方政府部门以及电力部门在发展气电时存有顾虑。

　　One is the issue of ensuring the supply of natural gas resources. Gas electricity is used for peak shaving of renewable energy power, which requires high resource security. China's dependence on natural gas imports has exceeded 40%, and its peak shaving and storage capacity only accounts for 8.4% of natural gas consumption. After the implementation of the "coal to gas" project, there have been multiple instances of natural gas supply shortages (known as "gas shortages") across the country, which have invisibly labeled natural gas as "tight supply", causing concerns among national and local government departments as well as the power sector when developing gas and electricity.

　　二是发电成本较高的问题。近年来国内大部分地区的发电用气价格为2.0-2.5元/立方，气电成本约为0.55-0.65元/(办奥·丑)，比煤电、水电、核电等电源高0.1-0.3元/(办奥·丑)。

　　The second issue is the high cost of power generation. In recent years, the price of gas for power generation in most regions of China has been 2.0-2.5 yuan/cubic meter, and the cost of gas and electricity is about 0.55-0.65 yuan/(kW · h), which is 0.1-0.3 yuan/(kW · h) higher than power sources such as coal-fired power, hydropower, and nuclear power.

　　叁是自主技术有待进一步突破的问题。中国贬级和闯级的重型燃气轮机及关键部件等自主研发存在不足，尚缺少燃气轮机燃烧室、高温透平叶片等关键部件自主设计和制造能力，机组检修维护、改造升级等都依赖国外原厂商，相关费用高昂，耗时多，整体效率低下，进一步降低了气电的市场竞争力。

　　The third issue is the need for further breakthroughs in independent technology. There are deficiencies in the independent research and development of heavy-duty gas turbines and key components in China's H-class and J-class, and there is still a lack of independent design and manufacturing capabilities for key components such as gas turbine combustion chambers and high-temperature turbine blades. The maintenance, renovation, and upgrading of the units rely on foreign original manufacturers, resulting in high costs, time-consuming processes, and overall low efficiency, further reducing the market competitiveness of gas and electricity.

　　与传统煤电相比，气电具有清洁低碳、可调节、易启停、稳定高效等特点。尽管当下受到资源禀赋、经济性等因素制约，气电在中国的发展相对迟缓，然而在能源转型以及电力系统重塑的大背景下，作为技术成熟、应用广泛且启停灵活的支撑性电源，气电必将在未来一定时期内扮演着能源转型的“桥梁”角色，也是经济发达地区提供电力电量支撑、保障电力供应安全平稳的现实抉择。

　　Compared with traditional coal-fired power, gas-fired power has the characteristics of being clean, low-carbon, adjustable, easy to start and stop, stable and efficient. Despite being constrained by factors such as resource endowment and economic viability, the development of gas-fired power in China has been relatively slow. However, in the context of energy transformation and power system reshaping, as a technically mature, widely used, and flexible power source for start-up and shutdown, gas-fired power will play a "bridge" role in energy transformation in the near future. It is also a realistic choice for economically developed regions to provide power generation support and ensure safe and stable power supply.

　　本文由 天然气发电机组  友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  /  &苍产蝉辫;真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

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