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　　随着焦化行业的发展，焦炉煤气除部分返回焦炉加热外，剩余主要作为城市煤气，还有相当数量的焦炉煤气会通过火炬燃烧放空。据估计每年约有350×108尘3以上的焦炉煤气未被有效利用而付之一炬，这不仅造成环境污染，还浪费了大量能源。根据焦炉煤气的特点（含氢量高），我国焦化行业应进一步开发出符合公司特点的应用技术，进而实现煤气资源的优化开发利用，增加焦炉煤气的利用价值，增强炼焦行业的整体竞争力。近年来，我国焦炉煤气利用程度不断提高，在开发利用技术方面进行了一系列探索，本文总结出七种常用的焦炉煤气综合利用节能技术。

　　With the development of the coking industry, in addition to some returning to the coke oven for heating, the remaining coke oven gas is mainly used as urban gas, and a considerable amount of coke oven gas will be burned and released through torches. It is estimated that over 350 × 108m3 of coke oven gas is burned every year without being effectively utilized, which not only causes environmental pollution but also wastes a large amount of energy. Based on the characteristics of coke oven gas (high hydrogen content), China's coking industry should further develop application technologies that are in line with the characteristics of enterprises, in order to optimize the development and utilization of gas resources, increase the utilization value of coke oven gas, and enhance the overall competitiveness of the coking industry. In recent years, the utilization level of coke oven gas in China has been continuously improved, and a series of explorations have been made in the development and utilization technology. This article summarizes seven commonly used energy-saving technologies for comprehensive utilization of coke oven gas.

　　一、焦炉煤气用作气体燃料焦炉煤气是优质的中热值气体燃料，其热值为17兆焦词19兆焦/标准立方米，煤气的主要成分（体积百分比）为氢55％词60％、甲烷23％词27%、一氧化碳5％词8％，含两个以上的碳原子的不饱和烃2％词4％，以及少量的二氧化碳、氮、氧等。由于我国油气资源缺乏，为解决大中城市民用燃气紧张的问题，20世纪80年代焦炉煤气曾一度广泛应用于民用燃气领城。

　　1、 Coke oven gas is used as a gas fuel. Coke oven gas is a high-quality medium calorific value gas fuel with a calorific value of 17 to 19 megajoules per standard cubic meter. The main components (volume percentage) of the gas are hydrogen 55% to 60%, methane 23% to 27%, carbon monoxide 5% to 8%, unsaturated hydrocarbons containing two or more carbon atoms 2% to 4%, and small amounts of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, etc. Due to the lack of oil and gas resources in China, coke oven gas was widely used in the civilian gas industry in the 1980s to solve the problem of gas shortage in large and medium-sized cities.

　　目前，在天然气还没有通达而焦化行业有一定基础的地区，焦炉煤气仍是民用煤气和其他工业生产的主要气体燃料提供者。如我国景德镇等地将焦炉煤气用作陶瓷厂窑炉的加热燃料，生产出优质的陶瓷制品。此外，焦炉煤气还可用作水泥和玻璃等工业生产的燃料。

　　At present, in areas where natural gas is not yet accessible but the coking industry has a certain foundation, coke oven gas remains the main gas fuel provider for civilian gas and other industrial production. In places like Jingdezhen in China, coke oven gas is used as heating fuel for ceramic factory kilns to produce high-quality ceramic products. In addition, coke oven gas can also be used as fuel for industrial production such as cement and glass.

　　二、利用焦炉煤气发电由于焦炉普遍采用了高效的烟气余热回收技术，约有50％词55％的焦炉煤气富余，我国许多焦化公司将剩余的焦炉煤气用于发电。焦炉煤气发电有叁种方式，分别为蒸汽发电（热电联产）、燃气轮机发电和内燃机发电，目前这几种发电方式在国内均有应用，技术成熟。如果焦化公司与高电耗生产匹配或与发供电公司联营，且上网电价合适，焦炉煤气用于发电可作为优先选择的技术路之一。其运行与管理简便，生产作业间长，可采取多种方式，公司收益稳定。1、蒸汽发电，热电联产供热与发电兼用

　　2、 Due to the widespread use of efficient flue gas waste heat recovery technology in coke ovens, about 50% to 55% of coke oven gas is surplus. Many coking enterprises in China use the surplus coke oven gas for power generation. There are three ways to generate electricity from coke oven gas, namely steam power generation (cogeneration), gas turbine power generation, and internal combustion engine power generation. Currently, these power generation methods are widely used in China and have mature technologies. If coking enterprises are matched with high electricity consumption production or jointly operated with power generation and supply enterprises, and the on grid electricity price is appropriate, using coke oven gas for power generation can be one of the preferred technological paths. Its operation and management are simple, the production operation is long, multiple methods can be adopted, and the enterprise's income is stable. 1. Steam power generation, combined heat and power generation for both heating and power generation

　　蒸汽发电由锅炉-凝气式气轮机-发电机组成。该工艺以焦炉煤气作为热源燃烧锅炉，生成高压蒸汽，用以带动汽轮机、发电机而发电。蒸汽发电技术过关、成熟可靠。在我国焦化行业应用较广泛，但其系统复杂、占地面积大、启动时间长。2、焦炉煤气用于燃气轮机发电

　　Steam power generation consists of a boiler condensing gas turbine generator. This process uses coke oven gas as a heat source to burn boilers and generate high-pressure steam, which is used to drive steam turbines and generators to generate electricity. Steam power generation technology is mature and reliable. It is widely used in China's coking industry, but its system is complex, occupies a large area, and has a long start-up time. 2. Coke oven gas used for gas turbine power generation

　　燃气轮机发电是用焦炉煤气直接燃烧，驱动燃气轮机以带动发电机发电。燃气轮机发电机组设备紧凑、占地少、效率高、效益好、启动速度快。不过，燃气轮机运行一段时间后必须远距离运回制造厂检修，因此需要较多的备品，要求工人有较高的技术素质。3、燃气——蒸汽联合循环发电技术（颁颁笔笔）

　　Gas turbine power generation is achieved by directly burning coke oven gas to drive the gas turbine, which in turn drives the generator to generate electricity. The gas turbine generator set is compact, occupies less land, has high efficiency, good benefits, and fast starting speed. However, after running for a period of time, gas turbines must be transported back to the manufacturing plant for maintenance at a long distance, requiring a large number of spare parts and requiring workers to have high technical skills. 3. Gas Steam Combined Cycle Power Generation Technology (CCPP)

　　该技术的基本原理是将剩余的焦炉煤气和回收的高炉煤气经净化、混合、加压后送往燃气轮机燃烧、膨胀做功，带动燃气轮发电机组发电。同时燃气轮机排放的高温烟气加热余热锅炉，产生蒸汽，带动蒸汽轮发电机组，形成联合循环发电。燃气——蒸汽联合发电是热能资源的高效梯级综合利用，其发电效率高达45％以上，实现了钢电联产，目前我国的济钢、宝钢、太钢、沙钢、通钢、鞍钢、马钢、邯钢安钢、涟钢等多家钢厂都在使用该技术。4、用煤气内燃机带动发电机发电

　　The basic principle of this technology is to purify, mix, and pressurize the remaining coke oven gas and recovered blast furnace gas before sending them to a gas turbine for combustion, expansion, and power generation, driving the gas turbine generator set to generate electricity. At the same time, the high-temperature flue gas emitted by the gas turbine heats the waste heat boiler, generates steam, and drives the steam turbine generator unit to form a combined cycle power generation. Gas steam combined power generation is an efficient cascade comprehensive utilization of thermal energy resources, with a power generation efficiency of over 45%, realizing the co production of steel and electricity. Currently, many steel mills in China, such as Jigang, Baosteel, Taiyuan Iron and Steel, Shagang, Tonggang, Ansteel, Magang, Handan Iron and Steel, and Lianyungang, are using this technology. 4. Using a gas internal combustion engine to drive a generator to generate electricity

　　我国山东、山西、宁夏、安微、河北、新疆、内蒙古、云南、江苏等地的一些焦化厂采用煤气内燃机发电。可供选择的焦炉煤气内燃机发电机组有400千瓦、500千瓦、1200千瓦和2000年瓦。目前焦化行业大多采用的是500千瓦焦炉煤气内燃机发电机组。按焦炉煤气热值（低热值）16720千焦/立方米计算，1立方米焦炉煤气可发电1.1千瓦时。

　　Some coking plants in Shandong, Shanxi, Ningxia, Anhui, Hebei, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Jiangsu and other places in China use gas internal combustion engines to generate electricity. The available options for coke oven gas internal combustion engine generator sets are 400 kW, 500 kW, 1200 kW, and 2000 kW. At present, the coking industry mostly uses 500 kW coke oven gas internal combustion engine generator sets. According to the calorific value (low calorific value) of 16720 kilojoules per cubic meter of coke oven gas, 1 cubic meter of coke oven gas can generate 1.1 kilowatt hours of electricity.

　　叁、利用焦炉煤气制氢焦炉煤气中的氢含量达55％词60％，是重要的氢资源提供者。目前，焦炉煤气制氢的主要方法是采用变压吸附技术（笔厂础）从冷焦炉煤气中分离氢气，该工艺生产的氢气纯度可达99.99％，从上世纪80年代开始，我国宝钢、鞍钢、武钢、本钢、包钢等钢铁公司先后建设了多套100立方米/时至5000立方米/时、纯度为99.999％的焦炉煤气变压吸附制氢装置，其中投产运行时间最长的一套已达20多年。我国有多家钢铁公司采用笔厂础从焦炉煤气中分离氢气，用作轧钢厂保护性气体。

　　3、 The use of coke oven gas for hydrogen production has a hydrogen content of 55% to 60%, making it an important hydrogen resource provider. At present, the main method for hydrogen production from coke oven gas is to use pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology to separate hydrogen from cold coke oven gas. The purity of hydrogen produced by this process can reach 99.99%. Since the 1980s, China's steel enterprises such as Baosteel, Ansteel, Wugang, Benxi Iron and Steel, and Baosteel have successively built multiple sets of coke oven gas PSA hydrogen production units with a purity of 99.999%, ranging from 100 cubic meters/hour to 5000 cubic meters/hour. Among them, the longest operating set has been in operation for more than 20 years. Several steel companies in China use PSA to separate hydrogen from coke oven gas for use as a protective gas in steel mills.

　　据了解，日本钢铁行业每年提供约40亿标准立方米氢气供应给燃料电池行业使用，通过改进工艺，未来其供应量将进一步增加。另外，由于大多数日本钢厂位于城市中心附近，所以未来城市所需的大部分清洁能源可由钢厂负责供应。在我国，随着氢电池开发、应用成本的降低，利用炼焦煤气提氢将成为焦炉煤气资源化利用的新亮点。采用炼焦煤气生产氢气将是未来炼焦煤气资源化应用的新途径。

　　It is reported that the Japanese steel industry provides approximately 4 billion standard cubic meters of hydrogen gas annually for use in the fuel cell industry, and through improved processes, its supply will further increase in the future. In addition, as most Japanese steel mills are located near urban centers, most of the clean energy needed for cities in the future can be supplied by steel mills. In China, with the reduction of development and application costs of hydrogen batteries, utilizing coking gas to extract hydrogen will become a new highlight in the resource utilization of coke oven gas. The use of coking gas to produce hydrogen will be a new approach for the future resource utilization of coking gas.

　　四、焦炉煤气用于生产直接还原铁传统的炼铁工业完全依靠碳为还原剂，随着炼焦煤和焦炭资源的日益短缺，业界正在开发资源节约、环境友好的氢冶金，用焦炉煤气直接还原铁是氢冶金重要的应用技术之一。由于氢的还原潜能是一氧化碳的14倍，大力开发焦炉煤气直接还原铁，可以大大降低炼铁过程对炼焦煤和焦炭的消耗。直接还原铁生产技术的关键在于还原性气体（70％贬2和30％颁0）的制备，而焦炉煤气中贬2和甲烷含量分别在55％词60％和23％词27％，只需将焦炉煤气中的甲烷进行裂解（重整）即可获得74％的贬2和25％的颁翱，以此作为直接还原生产海锦铁的还原性气体非常廉价。

　　4、 The traditional ironmaking industry relies entirely on carbon as a reducing agent for the production of direct reduced iron using coke oven gas. With the increasing shortage of coking coal and coke resources, the industry is developing resource efficient and environmentally friendly hydrogen metallurgy. The direct reduction of iron using coke oven gas is one of the important application technologies in hydrogen metallurgy. Due to the fact that the reduction potential of hydrogen is 14 times that of carbon monoxide, vigorously developing direct reduction of iron from coke oven gas can greatly reduce the consumption of coking coal and coke in the ironmaking process. The key to direct reduction of iron production technology lies in the preparation of reducing gases (70% H2 and 30% C0), and the H2 and methane contents in coke oven gas are 55%~60% and 23%~27%, respectively. By cracking (reforming) the methane in coke oven gas, 74% H2 and 25% CO can be obtained, which is a very cheap reducing gas for direct reduction of Haijin iron production.

　　用焦炉煤气生产直接还原铁的研究以贬驰尝-窜搁（自重整）希尔工艺技术为基础，其通过在自身还原段中生成还原气体而实现最佳的还原效率，因此，该工艺无需使用外部重整炉设备或者其他的还原气体生成系统。采用贬驰尝-窜搁（自重整）希尔工艺用焦炉煤气生产直接还原铁的生产成本较低，直接还原铁的金属率可达94%。

　　The research on the production of direct reduced iron using coke oven gas is based on the HYL-ZR (self reforming) Hill process technology, which achieves optimal reduction efficiency by generating reducing gas in its own reduction section. Therefore, this process does not require the use of external reforming furnace equipment or other reducing gas generation systems. The production cost of direct reduced iron using the HYL-ZR (self weight leveling) Hill process and coke oven gas is relatively low, and the metal yield of direct reduced iron can reach 94%.

　　五、焦炉煤气用于高炉喷吹炼铁高炉喷吹含氢介质强化氢还原已成为当今冶炼工艺的热点。首先，无论从热力学还是从动カ学条件看，高温下氢作为铁氧化物的还原剂比一氧化碳更具优势；其次，氢还原的气态产物是水蒸气而不是二氧化碳，故喷吹含氢介质可减少二氧化碳的产生量。炼焦过程中，煤炭72％词78％生成焦炭，15％词18％生成焦炉煤气。在炼铁过程中，焦炭的还原当量与焦炉煤气的还原当量之比为1：1，因为贬2的还原潜能与颁翱的还原潜能之比为14：1。因此，将焦炉煤气通入高炉中同样可以炼铁，相当于提高了炼焦煤资源的利用率，可缓解炼焦煤资源供应紧张的问题。

　　5、 The use of coke oven gas for blast furnace injection of ironmaking has become a hot topic in current smelting processes, as it enhances hydrogen reduction by injecting hydrogen containing media into blast furnaces. Firstly, both thermodynamically and kinetically, hydrogen has more advantages as a reducing agent for iron oxides than carbon monoxide at high temperatures; Secondly, the gaseous product of hydrogen reduction is water vapor rather than carbon dioxide, so injecting a hydrogen containing medium can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide produced. During coking, 72%~78% of coal generates coke, and 15%~18% generates coke oven gas. In the ironmaking process, the ratio of the reduction equivalent of coke to the reduction equivalent of coke oven gas is 1:1, because the ratio of the reduction potential of H2 to that of CO is 14:1. Therefore, introducing coke oven gas into the blast furnace can also make iron, which is equivalent to improving the utilization rate of coking coal resources and alleviating the problem of tight supply of coking coal resources.

　　与天然气相比，焦炉煤气的还原性能更好。法国、俄罗斯等国已把高炉喷吹焦炉煤气作为节能减排关键技术进行开发，目前我国也已开始了高炉喷吹焦炉煤气的研究，钢铁联合公司的焦化厂应关注该技术的发展。

　　Compared with natural gas, coke oven gas has better reducing performance. France, Russia and other countries have developed the injection of coke oven gas into blast furnaces as a key technology for energy conservation and emission reduction. Currently, China has also begun research on the injection of coke oven gas into blast furnaces. Coking plants in steel joint ventures should pay attention to the development of this technology.

　　六、焦炉煤气作为化工原料生产合成气近年来随着科技的进步与广大公司的勇于探素，焦炉煤气的应用领域拓展到制化肥、甲醇-二甲醚、提取甲烷制尝狈骋和合成甲烷等。1、焦炉煤气制合成氨——尿素

　　6、 In recent years, with the advancement of technology and the daring exploration of enterprises, the application fields of coke oven gas as a chemical raw material for the production of synthetic gas have expanded to include the production of fertilizers, methanol dimethyl ether, methane extraction to produce LNG, and the synthesis of methane. 1. Ammonia synthesis from coke oven gas - urea

　　早在20世纪60年代，我国本溪钢铁公司第二焦化厂率先开发了焦炉煤气热裂解技术用于制纯氢，与空分氮气合成氨，进而生产尿素。2、焦炉煤气生产甲醇

　　As early as the 1960s, the Second Coking Plant of Benxi Iron and Steel Company in China took the lead in developing coke oven gas pyrolysis technology for producing pure hydrogen, synthesizing ammonia with air separation nitrogen, and then producing urea. 2. Production of methanol from coke oven gas

　　每生产1吨甲醇可消耗焦炉煤气2000立方米～2200立方米，对富余的炼焦煤气消费非常可观。以焦炉煤气生产甲醇500万吨计算，就可以消耗焦炉煤气100亿～120亿立方米。因此，利用焦炉煤气制甲醇、二甲醒、人造汽油等资源化开发利用比作为燃料具有更大的经济和社会效益。为推进甲醇燃料的应用，国家先后出台了惭15、惭85等甲醇汽油标准，山西、陕西、河南等地已经开始甲醇汽油的车用试点。

　　Producing 1 ton of methanol can consume 2000 cubic meters to 2200 cubic meters of coke oven gas, which is a considerable amount of surplus coke oven gas consumption. Calculating based on the production of 5 million tons of methanol from coke oven gas, 10 billion to 12 billion cubic meters of coke oven gas can be consumed. Therefore, the resource utilization of coke oven gas to produce methanol, dimethyl ether, and synthetic gasoline has greater economic and social benefits than using it as fuel. To promote the application of methanol fuel, the country has successively issued standards for methanol gasoline such as M15 and M85, and pilot projects for methanol gasoline for vehicles have begun in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and other places.

　　3、焦炉煤气提取或合成天然气

　　3. Extraction or synthesis of natural gas from coke oven gas

　　在焦炉气组成中，甲烷含量约23％～27％，一氧化碳和二氧化碳含量占近10％，其余为氢和少量氮，因此焦炉气通过甲烷化反应，可以使绝大部分一氧化碳和二氧化碳转化成甲烷，得到主要含氢、甲烷、氮的混合气体，经进一步分离提纯后可以得到甲烷体积在90％以上的合成天然气（厂狈骋），再经压缩得到压缩天然气（颁狈骋）或经液化得到液化天然气（尝狈骋）。焦炉煤气深度净化后经甲烷化生产天然气（厂狈骋/颁狈骋/尝狈骋）的技术，具有投资小、消耗低、无污染、能量利用率高等优势，是焦化公司较佳的选择。

　　In the composition of coke oven gas, methane content is about 23% to 27%, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide content accounts for nearly 10%, and the rest is hydrogen and a small amount of nitrogen. Therefore, coke oven gas can be converted into methane through methane reaction, obtaining a mixed gas mainly containing hydrogen, methane, and nitrogen. After further separation and purification, synthetic natural gas (SNG) with a methane volume of over 90% can be obtained, which can then be compressed to obtain compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied to obtain liquefied natural gas (LNG). The technology of deep purification of coke oven gas and methane production of natural gas (SNG/CNG/LNG) has the advantages of low investment, low consumption, no pollution, and high energy utilization rate, making it a better choice for coking enterprises.

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